|
An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears—for example, to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb. The main verb provides the main semantic content of the clause.〔The ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Second Edition, defines an auxiliary verb as "a verb used to form the tenses, moods, voices, etc. of other verbs." OED Second Edition, 1989. Entry for ''auxiliary''.〕 An example is the verb ''have'' in the sentence ''I have finished my dinner.'' Here, the main verb is ''finish'', and the auxiliary ''have'' helps to express the perfect aspect. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. They may be glossed with the abbreviation AUX. ==Basic examples== Below are some sentences that contain representative auxiliary verbs from English, German, and French, with the auxiliary verb marked in bold: ::a. Do you want tea? – ''do'' is an auxiliary accompanying the main verb ''want'', used here to form a question – see ''do''-support. ::b. He has given his all. – ''has'' is an auxiliary used in expressing the perfect aspect of ''give''. ::c. Das wurde mehrmals gesagt. – ''wurde'' 'became' is an auxiliary used to build the passive voice in German.〔Concerning the use of ''werden'' as an auxiliary in German, see for instance Engel (1994:114).〕 :::That became many times said = 'That was said many times.' ::d. Sie ist nach Hause gegangen. – ''ist'' 'is' is an auxiliary used with movement verbs to build the perfect tense/aspect in German.〔Concerning ''sein'' as an auxiliary in German used to form perfect tense/aspect, see Eroms (2000:138f.)〕 :::She is to home gone = 'She went home/She has gone home.' ::e. J'ai vu le soleil. – ''ai'' 'have' is an auxiliary used to build the perfect tense/aspect in French.〔Concerning the selection of ''avoir'' or ''être'' as the auxiliary verb to form perfect tense/aspect in French, see Rowlett (2007:40f.).〕 :::I have seen the sun = 'I have seen the sun/I saw the sun.' ::f. Nous sommes hébergés par un ami. – ''sommes'' 'are' is an auxiliary used to build the passive voice in French.〔Concerning ''être'' as the auxiliary used to build the passive voice in French, see Rowlett (2007:44f.).〕 :::We are hosted by a friend. These auxiliaries help express a question, show tense/aspect, or form passive voice. Auxiliaries like these typically appear with a full verb that carries the main semantic content of the clause. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Auxiliary verb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|